What is surgery damage control?

DEFINITION: Damage control: Is an operative technique in which control of bleeding and stabilization of vital signs becomes the only priority in salvaging the patient. This usually occurs during laparotomy when there is significant bleeding in the abdomen.

What are the components of damage control resuscitation?

Damage control resuscitation (DCR), the strategic approach to the trauma patient who presents in extremis, consists of balanced resuscitation, hemostatic resuscitation, and prevention of acidosis, hypothermia, and hypocalcemia.

What is damage control orthopedics?

Core tip: Damage control orthopaedics (DCO) is the treatment of lesions that provoke major bleeding and pathological inflammatory response, whilst avoiding the traumatic effects of major surgery in a patient who is already traumatised (the “second hit” effect).

Why are IV fluids not good for trauma patients?

Earlier, immediate aggressive fluid resuscitation in trauma patients was the standard approach to restore circulating volume and maintain organ perfusion. However, it may dislodge soft clots and cause dilutional coagulopathy thereby increasing hemorrhage and mortality [3].

What does triangle mean in surgery?

Acidosis, acquired coagulopathy, and hypothermia (death triangle/the lethal triad) which are among critical physiological factors come to the fore in patient selection. There is a multivariable relationship between these three basic conditions [1].

What is second hit phenomenon?

The ‘second hit’ phenomenon is based on the fundamental concept that sequential insults, which are individually innocuous, can lead to overwhelming physiologic reactions. This response can be expressed in several organic systems and can be examined by measurement of several parameters.

What is the triangle of death in surgery?

The trauma triad of death is a medical term describing the combination of hypothermia, acidosis, and coagulopathy. This combination is commonly seen in patients who have sustained severe traumatic injuries and results in a significant rise in the mortality rate.