What do Hypobranchial muscles do?

The HBMs are positioned in the ventral aspect of the neck and pharynx, and are collectively innervated by the hypoglossal and/or the occipitospinal nerves. These muscles function in jaw opening, swallowing, and respiration in the gnathostomes.

What are Branchiomeric muscles?

Branchiomeric muscles, which arise from cranial paraxial mesoderm, give aid to the pectoral girdle through the trapezius. In mammals, the branchiomeric muscles make up many muscles of the face and throat. These muscles are innervated by cranial nerves.

What is axial muscle?

The axial muscles include the muscles of the tail, trunk, and eyeballs as well as a group of muscles called hypobranchial muscles, which separate and migrate from the others during development.

What is the function of the muscle in a fish?

Fish have a system of muscles for movement. Muscle contractions ripple through the body in waves from head to tail. The contractions whip the tail fin against the water to propel the fish through the water.

What is the function of the adductor Mandibulae?

The adductor mandibulae, a large muscle below the spiracle, closes the jaw. The intermandibularius is on the ventral surface, posterior to the jaw. It originates on the Mechel’s cartilage (lower jaw) and inserts on the central raphe. Its function is to elevate the floor of the mouth for swallowing.

Do fishes fascia?

Most fibres attach, dorsally and ventrally, to connective tissues (fascia) that sheath the body. Some of the deeper fibres attach to the gill bar and may run between adjacent bars. Dorsal and deep to this layer, a levator muscle runs from the sheathing fascia to the pharyngobranchial, and it can elevate the gill arch.

Where are Epaxial muscles located?

spine
Epaxial muscles (epi = upon & axial = axis) are muscles located dorsally along the spine. They are innervated by dorsal branches of spinal nerves and function to extend the vertebral column. Generally, epaxial musculature consists of fascicles running from one vertebra to neighboring vertebrae.

What are the four axial muscle groups?

These muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall can be divided into four groups: the external obliques, the internal obliques, the transversus abdominis, and the rectus abdominis (Figure 1, Figure 2, and Table 1). Figure 1.

Is trapezius an axial muscle?

The posterior thoracic muscles are the trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboid major, and rhomboid minor. Nine muscles cross the shoulder joint to move the humerus. The ones that originate on the axial skeleton are the pectoralis major and the latissimus dorsi.

What is fish muscle protein?

Myofibrillar proteins are the most abundant proteins in fish muscle, constituting 65–75% of the total muscle proteins. Among myofibrillar proteins are included contractile proteins, such as myosin and actin, regulatory proteins, such as tropomyosin and troponin, and other minor proteins.

Which muscle helps in locomotion of fish?

Undulatory swimming in fish is powered by the segmental body musculature of the myotomes. Power generated by this muscle and the interactions between the fish and the water generate a backward-travelling wave of lateral displacement of the body and caudal fin.