What is Palmar Hyperlinearity?

Conclusions: Palmar hyperlinearity indicates possible inherited barrier abnormalities of the skin in early childhood. Its identification may help to predict a more accurate prognosis, such as sensitization.

What is a clinical appearance of atopic dermatitis?

Lesions are eczematous and exudative. Pallor of the face is common; erythema and scaling occur around the eyes. Dennie-Morgan folds (ie, increased folds below the eye) are often seen. Flexural creases, particularly the antecubital and popliteal fossae, and buttock-thigh creases are often affected.

Which layer of skin is involved in atopic dermatitis?

The dermis, or innermost layer, is responsible for providing structure and support to the skin. Eczema is believed to arise when the body’s immune system is triggered into an abnormal, overactive, inflammatory response that involves both the epidermis and the dermis.

How do you assess atopic dermatitis?

Scoring atopic dermatitis, Investigator Global Assessment, and Eczema Area and Severity Index are the most commonly used assessments of atopic dermatitis signs. Eczema Area and Severity Index has emerged as the preferred outcome measure of atopic dermatitis signs for use in clinical trials.

What is second line therapy for atopic dermatitis?

Topical calcineurin inhibitors are second-line treatment for moderate to severe atopic dermatitis. Antibiotics are not useful in reducing flare-ups of atopic dermatitis unless there is clear evidence of a secondary infection. Ultraviolet phototherapy is effective for treating severe or refractory atopic dermatitis.

What cells are involved in eczema?

The skin inflammation of eczema is known to be driven by “type 2” immune responses. These are led by activated T helper 2 (TH2) cells and type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), together known as effector cells.

What is IGA score?

The IGA is a five-point scale that provides a global clinical assessment of AD severity ranging from 0 to 4, where 0 indicates clear, 2 is mild, 3 is moderate, and 4 indicates severe AD. 4. A decrease in score relates to an improvement in signs and symptoms.