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How do you say et al?

How do you say et al?

“et al.” is an abbreviation. When read aloud, you pronounce the full term “et alii” (or “et alia”) – same as you would say “et cetera” when reading aloud the “etc.” abbreviation. Alternatively, you could say “and others” – same as you would say “for example” when reading aloud the “e.g.” abbreviation.

Do block quotes need quotation marks?

Unlike quotes integrated into your text, block quotes do not need quotation marks. Note the placement of the punctuation. After a block quote, the punctuation is placed before the citation, not after.

Can you use et al for 2 authors?

The Latinate abbreviation “et al.” is short for “et alii,” which means, “and others,” and always refers to people, not objects. So if you had two authors, adding “et al.” would indicate that there were other authors – and since there are no other authors in this case, it is incorrect to use it.

How do you cite 4 or more authors in APA?

Specifically, articles with one or two authors include all names in every in-text citation; articles with three, four, or five authors include all names in the first in-text citation but are abbreviated to the first author name plus et al.

How do you cite if there are 4 authors?

If there are four or more authors cite the first name listed in the source followed by et al. All authors’/editors’ names would be listed in your reference, no matter how many there are, as shown below. Research suggests (Darlow et al., 2013).

How do you start off an essay with a quote?

Summing Up on How to Start an Essay With a Quote

  1. avoid using clichés for quotations;
  2. use unique and credible quotes;
  3. provide the context for the quote;
  4. ensure that a quote relates to a thesis statement;

How do you format a block quote?

Basics

  1. Block quotations start on their own line.
  2. The entire block quotation is indented 0.5 inches, the same as the indentation for a new paragraph, and is double spaced.
  3. Block quotations are not surrounded by any quotation marks.
  4. The punctuation at the end of the block quotation goes before the citation.

How do you cite two papers in one sentence?

Separate the citations with semicolons. Arrange two or more works by the same authors (in the same order) by year of publication. Place in-press citations last. Give the authors’ surnames once; for each subsequent work, give only the date.

How do you write three authors in a research paper?

MLA uses “et al.” for works with three or more authors, while Chicago calls for using it with four or more authors. APA format requires that you cite all of the authors at the first mention if there are three, four, or five, and use “et al.” afterward.

How do you cite many authors?

Multiple Authors

  1. 2 Authors: Always cite both authors’ names in-text everytime you reference them. Example: Johnson and Smith (2009) found…
  2. 6 or More Authors: If a document has six or more authors, simply provide the last name of the first author with “et al.” from the first citation to the last. Example: Thomas et al.

How do you cite a website with two authors?

If there are two authors, cite the the authors as follows (list authors in the order they are given on the page, not alphabetically): Last Name, First Name of First Author, and First Name Last Name of Second Author. Example: Smith, James, and Sarah Johnston.

How many authors do you cite in APA?

For a work with up to 20 authors, include all of the names in the reference. When the work has 21 or more authors, include only the first 19 names, an ellipsis, and the final name (see this guideline in the fifth and sixth bullets in Section 9.8 of the Publication Manual and Example 4 in Chapter 10).

How do you cite if there are 2 authors?

If a work has two authors, separate their names with an ampersand (&) in a parenthetical citation or “and” in a narrative citation. If there are three or more authors, only include the first author’s last name followed by “et al.”, meaning “and others”.

How do you quote a book with two authors?

A Work by Two Authors Name both authors in the signal phrase or in parentheses each time you cite the work. Use the word “and” between the authors’ names within the text and use the ampersand in parentheses.

What is APA format in research paper?

An APA-style paper includes the following sections: title page, abstract, introduction, method, results, discussion, and references. Your paper may also include one or more tables and/or figures. Different types of information about your study are addressed in each of the sections, as described below.