What causes tongue protrusion dystonia?

Background: Tongue protrusion dystonia is an uncommon focal dystonia involving the lingual muscles. Causes of tongue protrusion dystonia include tardive dystonia, posthypoxic dystonia, neuroacanthocytosis, pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration, and Lesch-Nyhan syndrome.

What does tongue protrusion mean?

Tongue thrusting is characterized by the tongue protruding through the front teeth when the child or adult is talking, swallowing, and sometimes even when the tongue is at rest. This tongue positioning is typically due to an orofacial muscular imbalance.

Is midline tongue protrusion normal?

Normally, the tongue will be protruded from the mouth and remain midline. Note deviations of the tongue from midline, a complete lack of ability to protrude the tongue, tongue atrophy and fasciculations on the tongue.

How do you treat a protruding tongue?

What is the treatment for a tongue thrust? Myofunctional therapy and speech therapy are done for the treatment of tongue thrust. The goal of myofunctional therapy is to develop a normal oral resting position where the lips and teeth are closed, and the tongue tip rests against the ridge behind the upper front teeth.

How do you stop lingual dystonia?

Lingual botulinum toxin injection is a fairly simple, safe and viable treatment option for lingual dystonia induced by speaking.

Which muscle causes protrusion of tongue?

genioglossus
The genioglossus (GG) muscle, which causes tongue protrusion, is innervated by the medial XIIth branch, while the hyoglossus (HG) and styloglossus (SG) muscles, which cause retraction of the tongue, are innervated by the lateral XIIth branch.

What muscle elevates the tongue?

styloglossus
The styloglossus originates at the styloid process and blends into the fibers of the inferior longitudinal tongue muscles and the hyoglossus, and elevates and retracts the tongue posteriorly and superiorly. The genioglossus, hyoglossus, and styloglossus are all innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII).

What causes tongue thrust in adults?

What causes tongue thrust? Tongue thrust can occur for a plethora of reasons but develops most often due to frequent sucking of the thumb or fingers, or to compensate for the range of motion caused by a tongue-tie.

What nerve is responsible for tongue protrusion?

Hypoglossal Nerve
The Hypoglossal Nerve is the 12th Cranial Nerve (Cranial Nerve XII). It is mainly an efferent nerve for the tongue musculature. The nerve originates from the medulla and travels caudally and dorsally to the tongue.

What is lingual grooving?

lin·gual groove (linggwăl grūv) A linear area or depression found on the lingual surface of maxillary molars, extending from the occlusal third to the middle third of the tooth.

How do you reverse tongue thrust?

Here is one that we recommend:

1. Place a sugar-free lifesaver on the tip of your tongue.
2. Press the tip of your tongue against the roof of your mouth, so that it’s pushing against the gum just behind your upper front teeth.
3. Bite your teeth together in your regular bite, keeping your lips apart.
4. Swallow.